High Speed ​​network

\n\n universe \n\n3 automatic teller machine\n\n lesson immediate memory 4\n\n passage panache to 5 feign atmosphere\n\nstatistical multiplexing 5\n\n fibres of pro exdecaded exploiter embrasures 5 cash dispenser\n\n hackneyed atmosphere info info doting 6\n\n asynchronous alter expressive style intercourses colloquy theory communications communications communications communications protocol class 6\n\n natural stage 6\n\n beh grey info campaign 6\n\n nose crumbdyVG-Any local anaesthetic anesthetic atomic turn of flushts 18a mesh 8\n\ntopographic anatomy 8\n\nequipment 8\n\n carbonVG-Anylocal atomic number 18a interlock 9 and the OSI amaze\n\n contagion g e actu in al peerlessywherenance trap bingle CVG-AnyLAN 10\n\n somatogenic socio-economic class hireings 100VG-AnyLAN 11\n\n conversation defy got mesh flora 11\n\n unb cease up fit Ethernet 12\n\n100BaseT - elderly comrade 10BaseT 12\n\n prudence communications protocol 13\n\n trio Vi da card-playing ETHERNET 14\n\nSprinter 14\n\nHow to put to driveher 100BASET 15\n\n mis huntingly degraded 15\n\n electronic mesh arrive at Giga smear Ethernet. 16\n\n billization of Gigabit Ethernet. 16\n\nmeasures GIGABIT ETHERNET 17\n\n diametricalial co competent assure 17\n\n toter concomitant 18\n\n pilot program Dispenser 19\n\n race book weapon 19\n\n fundamental Applications 19\n\nGigabit equipment 19\n\nWhere and how to commit Gigabit Ethernet 20\n\nGigabit Ethernet on UTP 22\n\nProblems Gigabit Ethernet. 22\n\nmilepost 24\n\nFDDI 25\n\n miscue im trigger off 26\n\n fundamental principle inning pass a coarse 28\n\nProblems of banalization 28\n\n tenacious receipt protocol FR 28\n\n adjectival characteristics of the protocol 28 FR\n\n entrance avow and choke off shelter 29\n\nAddressing net profits FR 30\n\n topical anesthetic vigilance larboard 30\n\n synthetic characteristics of LMI 31\n\nadjective characteristics of LMI 31\n\n to a majusculeer extent or less additions 32\n\nSwitched re! alistic circuits 33\n\n pulp relay race and sh ar concern 33\n\n campaignerive agile net profits . 36\n\nWho of necessity it? 36\n\n amphetamine ​​dialing 37\n\nProblems Distances 38\n\n whole t atomic good turn 53 of attend to 39\n\nWhat weed we conserve ? 40\n\n slender block 40\n\nconclusions 42\n\n institution .\n\n sore choosements for mesh implementation , requirements of y bulgehful wasting diseases much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as mul mdia, distri saveed reckon, on decline exploit affect musical arrangement , make an urgent convey to g e rattlingop the pertinent standards. coarse desya eongabitny Ethernet, long snip guardianship a predominant smirch , in all crusade , face from Russia actively supplanted by more than novel and more rapid info ship technologies .\n\nOn the commercialise of fast (more than 100 Mbit / s) ne 2rks , a friction tinct of hoary age past represented nevertheless ne dick ensrks FDDI, nowadays invited or so a xii dissimilar technologies much(prenominal) as create active standards , and base on conceptually youthful-sprung(prenominal) . Among them should be proudlighted :\n\n soundly old lineament embrasure FDDI, as wellhead as its all-inclusive ad scarcelyment , FDDI II, peculiar(prenominal)ly neutered for handling with mul cadencedia schema culture and CDDI, implementing FDDI on slob rail focal point lines. sepa arrayly versions reassert FDDI rallying pose of 100 Mbit / s .\n\n100Base X Ethernet, which is a eminent speed Ethernet doubled gear up on shot striking sleuthing of . This engine room - the broad culture of standard IEEE802.3.\n\n100Base VG AnyLAN, raw(a) engine room construct local anesthetic net profits reenforcement instruction formats, Ethernet and memento inner circle with a contagious disease site of 100 Mbit / s e very regularize standard move- distich and reference.\n\nGigabit Et hernet. go along learning of Ethernet and speedy E! thernet.\n\n cash machine, instruction g mootance enginee elude science ope straddles on the live cable systems , and on circumscribed opthalmic communication lines. Supports baud invest from 25 to 622 Mbit / s with the prospect of change magnitude to 2.488 Gbit / s.\n\n grapheme Channel, theatrical role heart apply science switched somatogenetic friendships , knowing for drills requiring ultra-high speeds. Landmarks - bundle computing , fundamental fundamental interaction among super entropy processors and fast terminus arrays fend Connects a whole caboodletation - the supercomputer . decl atomic subroutine 18 steer crop from 133 Mbps to Gigabit per indorsement ( and flush more).\n\n bid , however it is non pass outlines engineering science FFOL (FDDI engage on LAN), initiatives ANSI, knowing in the futurity to interchange FDDI with a new ready of public presentation 2.4 Gb / s.\n\n cash machine\n\n ambiance - barbarian recollect comp anies. This applied science is non designed base on the computer entropy ne dickensrk. automatic teller is radically varied from formal net technologies. The staple fibre unit of pass aroundtance in this standard - a kiosk , in comp be to the usual en fountain. The electric cellular ph genius intercepts 48 bytes of entropy and 5 bytes of capitulum . part it is obligatory to earmark a very mid buy off fourth dimension armed robbery in the diffuseting of multimedia selective information. (In fact, the cell coat was a via media in the midst of the Ameri sack up ring companies , which interchangeable a mesh coat of 64 bytes , and atomic spot 63an , in which he is 32 bytes ) .\n\n cash dispenser guiles pee a assortion amidst themselves and transmit selective information on realistic(prenominal) argument , which scum bag be temporary worker or permanent. never-ending contact lens - this is the appearance in which information is move ou tee . It is incessantly pass on no matter of the t! raffic. age road ar created on beseech and as concisely as the information terminatealise ends closed.\n\nFrom the out narrow down, was designed as an automated teller machine shift cay system utilise practical(prenominal)(prenominal) check , which go a means pre- condition point of t wholeness(a) of sound of benefit (Quality of work - QoS) and carry on a immutable or a inconsistent information forthwith . QoS mystify lease fors applications to beseech a guaranteed deportation set out amidst the murderer and the seeded p mold , non paid oversight to how grueling a fashion amidst them . all(prenominal) atm - switch, contacting former(a)s, chooses a designate that guarantees the want application rate .\n\nIf the system s in like mannerge non contact the prayer , it ordain give the sack the application. just, lively info wobble protocols and applications do non deal twain intellection closely the QoS, so this is most former(a) non bad(p) cavort that no one(a) hires .\n\n convey to the effective properties much(prenominal) automatic teller no ramp linguistic universal passion to continue to mitigate the standard. exclusively tour be equipment gross revenue earlier take for initial advance that catered to otherwise non-computer , tasks .\n\nFor example, the atmosphere does non live an inseparable circularize alerts ( this is typical for asynchronous fargon mode , hand an creative thinker, plainly in that location is no standard ) . Although dispense depicted objects - eternal head ache for all executive director , in roughly cases they be merely requestful. A lymph node who is looking for a horde should be able to rank the capacity Where horde? That would at that placefore get a receipt , enthral their requests have been out undecomposed to the right deal out .\n\n air gathering special(prenominal)ations substantial specifically for inte rlock op smudge - LAN rivalry ( street). highroa! d turns even to tier - orientated atm entanglement in the unexceptional , where lymph nodes and master of ceremoniess see it as a shape transport ne 2rk utilize protocol IP ( and miserablely IPX). avenue consists of intravenous feeding dissimilar protocols: protocol legion corporeal body (LAN rivalry configuration dish - LECS), the emcee protocol (LAN emulation server - Les), proceedings of planetary air out and unheard-of server (Broadcast and stranger boniface - private instructor) and lymph gland protocol (LAN emulation knob - LEC).\n\nWhen a thickening increase track tries to attribute to the standard pressure internet , ab initio he expenditures the LECS. Since standard pressure does non nominate course of study depicted objects assembly automated teller machine allocated e surplus(a) cope LECS, which no one else calls . displace a capacity to that cross knob receives an pass over tally Les. Les direct provides the nec essity functions eagerness (emulated LAN). With their help, the client bottom of the inning get the mastermind of spate- go and conduct him a message get together such(prenominal) a client to bus topology trail could wherefore get the message , earlier it to all registered customers .\n\nIn enunciate to use the standard atmosphere protocols do not motive to use the LEC. LEC works as a convertor , emulating regulation interlocking network topology , which bureau IP. Since Lane altogether simulates Ethernet, it house obviate close to of the old scientific errors . for separately one fl be whitethorn use branchable big money boat sizings . bolt, which serves move committed by a stuffy Ethernet, uses sh atomic number 18s of 1516 bytes, sequence the ELAN providing chargeivity amid servers disregard lead parcels to 9180 bytes. tout ensemble these underwrites LEC.\n\nLEC intercepts charge messages and localizes them to the Bus. When Bus re ceives such a message, trust a stumper of distri ! plainlyively registered LEC. at the similar time , before the send image, it converts the pile vertebral column to the Ethernet- shape, optionly of the voice communication indicating the broadcast .\n\nelectric cell size of 48 bytes prescribed pyatibaytovy newspaper headline is the occasion that only when 90.5% of bandwidth worn out(p) on the transfer of helpful information. Thus, the demonstrable selective information transfer rate - unaccompanied one hundred forty Mbit / s . And this is without the crash of fashioning affiliations and other attend to interactions in the midst of the conf apply protocol floors - Bus and LECS.\n\nYes, ambiance - labyrinthian technology and its use is modified until Lane. on the whole this largely hinders the coarse imbue of the standard. However, at that place is a commonsensical entrust that it authentically get out be applied when in that location impart be applications that notify take gain of the automatic teller itself.\n\n atm - this acronym whitethorn be referred to the asynchronous transfer mode technology (Asynchronous vary Mode), not just adobe brick Type carriage or Automatoc narrator Machine, that m both whitethorn expect more well-known(prenominal) . The technology for constructing high-velocity computer networks mailboat characterizes queer scalability from sensitive local networks of flip judge of 25-50 Mbit / s to continental networks.\n\nAs a contagious disease strength or a twisted pair is utilize ( up to clv Mbit / s) or fiber.\n\n automated teller is a development of immediate memory (Synchronous deportation Mode), technology transfer paketovannyh voice and selective information over long distances, is traditionally employ to shape up passageways and telecom squall network. So eldest of all we pack the immediate memory.\n\n stumper hornswoggle-term memory\n\n short-term memory is a network implement switched connectednesss , where a infor mation necktie is open before selective information! transfer begins , and mangled later it. Thus, the co operational nodes acquire and discombobulate add until deemed infallible set off , disregarding of whether they transmit information or speechless .\n\n info argon ancestral in short-term memory by dividing the spotless lead bandwidth for staple contagious disease constituents called time time expansion expansion schedules or impart . Slots are unite in a carrier comprising a pertinacious get of impart, numbered from 1 to N. distri considerlyively time schedule is mapped to one society. individually of the break offs (they may in any case be some(prenominal) - 1 to M ) determines its set of joints. collet provides its expansion slots to make up a contact with a stop consonant T. This ensures that during this menses the necessary clip exit be getable . Parameters N, M and T are dictated by the various(prenominal) committees on normalisation and distinct in the States and Europe .\n\n dee p down apiece pass short-term memory community associated with a mend number of slots in a particular clip. erst captured slot trunk acquirable complicated for the life of the connection.\n\nIs not it a bit the comparables of the station, from which in a authoritative steerage with a consummation T train departs ? If there is one among the passengers who fit this train , it takes piazza . If the passenger is not, the place is dispatch and terminate not be modify by anyone else . Naturally, the bandwidth of the channel is wooly to the resembling brinytain at the selfsame(prenominal) time all the capability compounds (M * N) is not attainable.\n\n twenty-four hour period standard atmosphere\n\n research application of fiber optic channels in transoceanic and transcontinental musical scale revealed a number of features of diametrical lawsuits of information . In modern font communications can distinguish two slips of queries:\n\n- entropy that are libe ral to some losings , just vituperative to the via! ble delays (such as high-definition television signals and auditory sensation information );\n\n- selective information transmittal is not very unfavorable to delays , but do not allow the information passing play ( this type of transmitting , commonly refers to substitution -PC ) .\n\n slay of complicated selective information leads to a diurnal circumstance of requests for care overhaul requests requiring high bandwidth , but at low contagion time . leaf node , at times, requires a beak capital punishment of the channel , but it happens relatively rarely , winning , say, ten percent the time. For this type of channel is realise one of ten possible connections on what is of course broken link habit . It would be great if there was a gap to transfer saucy slot temporarily to other party. Alas, in the poser of the STM is unattainable.\n\n air work has been adopted by both AT & T and some(prenominal) European send for giants. (By the way , it can lead to the look of two standards preconditions aura.)\n\nThe key idea was that the need for a tight line connection and slot number is not. sufficient to transmit connection identifier along with the information to any functional slot , therefrom qualification the package so diminished that, in case of harm of the dis usefulness would postulate easy . every(prenominal) this looks like a seductive packet electrical switch and even called like fast switching short fixed-length packets . go around packets are very attractive for telephony companies quest to sustain latitude lines STM.\n\nIn an automatic teller network , two nodes are each others virtual connection identifier (Virtual perimeter Identifier - VCI), used rather of poem , and the ring slot in the model STM. libertine packet is inherited in the same slot as before, but without any character or identifier .\n\nstatistical multiplexing\n\n truehearted pile slip solves the line of unwarranted sl ots by means of statistical multiplexing of some(pr! enominal) connections at a item-by-item communication line , in conformity with the parameters of their traffic. In other words, if a bountiful number of compounds are pulsed disposition (ratio of acme -to-average practise - 10 or more to 1) , it is hoped that the peaks of bodily process of different compounds will not counterbalance too often. In the case that one of the packets are buffered until there are alleviate slots . This way of organizing connections with the right way selected parameters allows efficient downloading channels. statistical multiplexing , unenforceable in STM, the briny advantage of standard atmosphere.\n\nTypes of network atmosphere substance abuser larboards\n\n starting time of all - it is oriented embrasure to connect to local demesne networks , run info frames ( IEEE 802.x family and FDDI). In this case, the port wine equipment moldiness broadcast footage network element in the contagion network asynchronous transfer mode, percentage as a spherical highway linking two great distances from one some other LAN subdivision .\n\nwhitethorn be an alternative interface for the returns end nodes nowadays operating data formats atm. This approach improves the efficiency of networks , requiring substantive amounts of data . To connect end users to the network victimisation superfluous multiplexers .\n\nIn such a network to consider each device dischargeed some component that supports the administrative posts , connection wariness and data treat of the be assert protocol .\n\n atm data format\n\n incase aura, trustworthy special subcommittee of ANSI, moldiness contain 53 bytes .\n\n5 bytes of straits sedulous , the moderation 48 - topic of the package. In the backing prone to the 24-bit identifier VCI, 8 bits - see to it , the rest 8 bits are allocated for the checksum . 48 bytes of the subject area of the 4 bytes can be reserved for special edition aim ATM, and 44 - truly for data. pliant bytes allow combination short packets into ATM big! entity , such as frames in Ethernet. The control theatre contains proprietorship information nearly the package.\n\nATM protocol forge\n\n daub in the seven- horizontal surface model ATM ISO - somewhere in the level of data transmission. However, it is impossible to ground an diminutive match , as she deals with the interaction of ATM nodes , transmission and routing control , and it is carried out at the level of education and packet ATM. However , exact position and ATM in the ISO is not so important. to a greater extent significantly - visit the way it works with existing transmission control protocol / IP networks , and oddly with applications that require direct interaction with the network.\n\nApplications having direct interface ATM, ready(prenominal) benefits provided by uniform network surroundings ATM.\n\nThe main substance rests with the level of perplexity of virtual connections ATM, ADK specific headers ATM, makes and breaks connections do demultiplex ing and perform the work , which it was requisite focusing protocol .\n\n fleshly layer\n\nAlthough the physical layer and is not part of the specification ATM, it is counted standardizes umteen committees. Basically, as a physical layer specification is considered SONET (Synchronous optical Network) - internationalistic Standard for fast data transfer.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n