English Myal by Erna Brodber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Myal by Erna Brodber - Essay ExampleSelwyn Langley, a husband of Ella, is a cruel and aggressive man who causes great emotional and psychological sufferings to Ella. The other characters be aggregative Cyprus, Mass Levi, Reverend Simpson, Ole African, Anita and Miss Gatha. All of them are engaged in crimes and religious violence as victims or aggressors. The remarkable feature of the novel is that it is based on mixed chronological frames and double telling. Crimes have changed thought and personality of Ella and Anita who have to fight with spiritual rapists (Mass Levi, Dan,, Selwyn).Spirituality and sub intellect are used as frames of the beyond which is closing curtain to us but which can non be seen by common people. Spiritual traditions and zombification force the main heroes to look for tonic ways and methods to change their life. Fighting with prejudices and stereotypes, Erna Brodber unveils that traditional knowledge limits understanding of the self and the adu lt male, and starts to seek for another inauguration of her spiritual development. The most impressive theme is that some characters can steal human spirit. Atmosphere of mysticism covers the protagonists creating a feeling of secrecy and spiritual burden. Spirit thief...taking away these peoples spirit (18). Growth and metamorphosis are the unifying themes in the novel out of which the fully reconstituted spiritual knowledge and power of beliefs emerges. To some extent, spiritual practices and their acceptance or rejection, determine the level of heroes evolution and transformations affecting their spiritual development. The culture of the main characters is washed-up by spiritual monitoring and interference. Timeless presence and power of mind show that people compute upon their own fears and terrors. The theft of spirit symbolizes that people are surrounded by unknown conception they extend to master and subdue, but in reality they are caught by their own prejudices and sup erstitions which prevent them to experience the world around. On the one hand, this zombification support factitious world created by Ella and other people, but on the on the hand these beliefs symbolize narrowness of human mind and knowledge about the universe. It supports spiritual nature of Ella and represents a determinant factor of her personal development. It is possible to compare spirit with the matrix of consciousness where everything is predetermined and cannot be changed. Erna Brodber proposes a blend of native religions and Christianity. She shows that objective world is revealed to us in religion and common ace presupposes a principle or set of principles which is not itself part of this world of facts human experience is not of a chaotic manifold but rather an awareness by an enduring subject of a unified world of objects This enables Erna Brodber to say that the manifold of experience cannot be provided independently of the mind, because only minds or consciousness c an make relationships, and this is just what objectivity means. The self is indispensable to the world which it knows and thus the objectivity of the world cannot be explained naturalistically. She calls the process of self-understanding awakened consciousness of these new people (110). In the novel, Erna Brodber describes a unique variant of God and its role in our life. It is possible to say that God embodies universal love and worship. Erna Brodber ends

Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun Essay

Ancient Villages in grey Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun - Essay ExampleHowever, in the villages of Xidi and Hongcun the ancient and traditional Huizhou-style houses ar still well preserved. The houses which belong to the flow rate of the Ming and Qing dynasties are considered to be architectural marvels, specially in terms of the design, material and craft used, as alike from the environmental and social context they represent (english.cntv.cn, 2010). The villages thus represent a style of human liquidation that came into vogue during a feudal completion that symbolized a prosperous trading economy. The buildings and the street patterns in the two villages signify the socio- economical structure of a well established and long-lasting period of Chinese history. With the Huizhou businessmen natives of the time, that is, during the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties, strongly supporting the economic development of their hometowns, the areas became culturally prosperous. The houses constructed during that period displayed much aesthetic elegance and uniqueness. A number of prominent village landscapes also came to be established. A unique feature of life and finish of these ancient villages in southern Anhui is that their progress occurred generally independent of agriculture. Thus, in terms of their awareness, lifestyle and taste, the slew of these areas were generally of a higher level than the common peasants and other common citizens. Thus, a strong cultural environment was created. They laid great emphasis on education since it was their constant endeavor to maintain a close interaction with the literati and officials. The villagers respected Confucianism. The picture below (Fig. 2) depicts an ancient Xidi clan temple. Fig. 2. An ancient Xidi clan temple (Source http//www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-... Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and HongcunThe ancient villages of Xidi and Hongcun located in the southern Anhui province of China are ground Cultural Heritage Sites. They are marvelous examples of well preserved traditional non-urban settlements most of which work disappeared or transformed during the last century. They possess architectural complexes of much historical and artistic value. Heritage sites everywhere are prone to environmental degradation while the inhabitants of those areas could likely experience socioeconomic problems. The preservation of such(prenominal) heritage sites requires active participation by the local government, international funding agencies such as UNESCO and the World Bank, local communities and the visitors who throng the sites. Another key issue related to tourism development is enhancement in tourism hexation which could lead to pollution caused by transportation (Jiang et al., 2010). A car is the mode of transport commonly used by tourists which has a high impact on the environment due to snow dioxide emissions. An important issue related to social demography is the migration of villagers from Xidi and Hongcun to cities either as a result of the economic prosperity they have come to enjoy because of tourism or in the face of their inability to roleplay the competition from the same industry. Residents perceptions and attitudes need to be periodically assessed, and conditions that encourage the local populace to continue to choke and thrive in their hometowns should be created.

The new role of the European Union as peacekeeper Essay

The unseasoned role of the European Union as peacekeeper - Essay ExampleYet, through its shared power it has finale making authority to act on behalf of its member states while holding no sovereign or military power of its own. While this may be true, there are also strengths involved in this configuration. Unlike an individual sovereign state which is limited by its own resources and individual structure, the EU great deal draw on a vast array of resources when necessary from each of its member states. This unique tone through coordinated efforts has the potential of ensuring a powerful tool in the peacekeeping missions required in todays volatile homo (Gourlay 404). As such, delving into the policy making and decision making responsibilities the EU has poses some interesting questions when it comes to international peacekeeping responsibilities. The decisions on how the EU handled international peacekeeping interventions and how it has evolved into a world class example of a p eacekeeper go forth be shown. Additionally on its path through these sundry(a) initiatives unique challenges faced by the EU and its membership will be discussed as well as a look towards the future face of the EU as a major shareholder in the peace process worldwide. The EU has successfully navigated uncharted water with its original hierarchy. Throughout this essay we will examine how the EU has accomplished some milestones well. There have been bumps in the road but as will be evidenced, the EU keeps moving to the future and a safer more secure world for us all. According to Bono the lines get even further blurred when examining this issue.

FDT 1 week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FDT 1 week 4 - Essay ExamplePena-Nietos arrangement should consider applying border initiative-operation Rio Grande. Rio Grande centralized local, land, county and federal legality enforcement intelligence. Similarly, Pena-Nietos government should use current on tap(predicate) assets including the National Guard under the supervision of Texas Homeland Security Director (Hesterman, 2013, p. 153). There should be workable strategies aimed at enhancing security at the Mexico-Texas border. Sustainable techniques include paying officers overtime to enhance patrols, coordinating state agencies, and sharing information with federal agencies (Hesterman, 2013, p.154). Pena-Nietos government should initiate programs that offer ammunition and training to law enforcers and oversight of security agencies operating at the Mexico-Texas border.Currently, Pena-Nietos government uses the army to conduct police colligate activities, in contradiction of provisions outlined under the Posse Comitatus law. Nieto has an established and healthy working particularize with bordering countries. The administration employs foreign-based agents to work in coordination with Interpol and other international organizations on drug-related issues (Gaines, 2011, p. 231). Employment of more law enforcement agents is a key success of the administration in addressing challenges of drug cartels along Mexico-Texas

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - stress ExampleCorporate social responsibility alleviates build sustainable and stable business environments with healthy markets and environ communities (McCabe, 2). The key aspects for corporate social responsibility include firstly, social investment which involves the fellowship contributing to the foundation of the alliance. Secondly, transparency and accountability whereby the company is transparent on what they do, this will help build confidence from the extracurricular on their business. Thirdly, CSR is aimed at enlightening self interest whereby they are able to work well with the confederation and, lastly, to increase the expectations of the union on their business and that it is not all about getting profits but, overly for providing employment and helping the community in their projects. Corporate social responsibility involves a companys social investment in a society and the trust they build through their CSR activities. A su rd CSR is associated with good business and successful leadership the way they relate to the community will affect their affinity with their customers and stakeholders (McCabe, 4). They, therefore have to be very careful in giving back to the community. This makeup will analyze the WD-40 company corporate social responsibility. WD-40 is a global consumer crop company that deals with untruth of products such as cleaning agents, chemicals, and aerosols. The board manages how the company handles its management and social responsibility, which includes compensations. The WD-40 CSR program assists the neighboring community, stakeholders and investors (WD-40 Company). The community is the greatest beneficiary of the CSR program. In terms of leadership and business ethics, they ensure that they treat all the stakeholders, customers and investors in the same way (Samuel & Celine Louche, 28). Leadership ethics involves the companys culture of making ethical choices. It measures the compa nys obligation to incorporating into the social aspects in their laid down objectives. Another important feature of CSR at WD-40 is transparency. Transparency put in place to ensure that the company is open in what it does to both customers and stakeholders. This help build trust in the whole society. WD-40 makes sure that it involves the employees in the verdict making process and presidentship of the company. This feature of CSR ensures that the company has a list of its stakeholders and how they engage with them and, that its part of global entities. In the aspect of community development, the company fork overs how it relates with the community through giving, donations and involvement in development activities (OBrien, 2). The company should show their responsibility in protecting the health of the community at large. If they are engaging in construction activities, they devise ways to protect the environment by carrying out impact assessments and, giving the community a cha nce to show whether they are comfortable with their activities, i.e. they should be part of decision-making (McKinsey & Company, 5). The class that involves products and services covers the companys responsibility in development and management of products and their impacts on the community. The company focuses on the health of consumers and market opportunities available. The quality of their products influences how a product or service will sell they should ensure that their products work especially, that their products deal with cleaning (WD-40 Company). The human rights category measures the companys commitment to respecting human rights and the freedoms associated with the human rights. This will help the company be recognised as one that values human

Fanning the Flame at Tiblana Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fanning the Flame at Tiblana - Case get wind ExampleAs a result, there is a looming threat of current or potential guests perceiving the fellowship as insensitive to clients complaints, if it ignores the guests online complaints. I should immediately begin monitoring and be acting to the customers criticism appropriately. I must rush to my organizations online sites and kind media platforms to convince followers and clients that Tiblana willing always remain a thought leader among its customers when it comes to quality quarterdles. I will not forget embracing business and professional review websites like Yelp and Angies List to respond to reviews about Tiblana. According to Dennis, all responses in an online platform will always be professional and think to both mitigate the reputational damage and appease the customer (19).As much as my invaluable asset as a social media manager is time, a companys reputation is its most of import asset (Dennis 15). Damage to its image among the customers may result in a massive loss of customers, revenue, investors, and employees. Thus, the happen of reputation is something that a company can no longer ignore. The proliferation of social media platforms has heightened these concerns. Tiblanas reputation can be ruined in a matter of minutes. It is because more disgruntled customers and competitors join the complaining customer to broadcast defamatory information, often under anonymity. If I fail to spend time in counteracting the information, they will instantly be accepted to be true worldwide.In my addressing and researching the customers issue and social media impact, I should involve the personnel of the company. The entire sales and marketing department and staff need to screw the matter to enable them to boost their marketing strategies against competitors and false accusations. I also need to notify the skilful and production department personnel that manufactured the specific batch.

Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lab Report ExampleHowever some technical problems such as pack of the arm and unforeseen parameters of the robot going out of the maze were encountered in execution of the vomit up. The objective of the project is to enable a robot to look for a ball and pick it up while avoiding grim lines. The goal is divided into a logical sequence that enables the robot to achieve its goal. The sequence flow is as follows. The necessary parameters for the robot are set, these include the sensors and motors that enable the robot to move. The robot accordingly looks for a ball. It then estimates and determines the distance to the ball. It moves through the distance and then picks up the ball. The robot does all this while avoiding the black lines utilize the accompanying sensor light. Robotics programming is a developing engine room that utilizes principles from varying fields of science. These include mechatronics, electrical engineering, psychology and computer science .The merging of the se fields of study produces the fictionalized concept of a robot that has intellect and a nature of its own and works hand in hand with man. Creation of robots from the programming aspects to the tuition of the mechanical parts has a very diverse effect on man-kind than any other technology that has come close to. Robotics poses different arguments from a range of different perspectives that affects homosexual beings. These effects are experienced in global, societal, economic and environmental views that determine the advancement and integration of robotic technology in day to day human lives. These aspects have raised arguments and debates in these fields that have seldom been settled. Advancement in robotics is only brought about by regarding these aspects in humanity. As with every technology, the economic aspect is highly regarded. The robotics projects incident of making work easier for deal and at the same time improving the livelihoods of the same people is the intima tely important part of the economic view of new technology. Robotics programming has many varied views both dogmatic and prohibit with regard to the effects and results of robotic technology. Positive aspects of robotic engineering within industrial and commercial aspects include mechanization of manufacturing, easing the hard labour for people and animateing up the process of delivery of products to the market. Robotic automotive technology and application of mechatronics principles can also improve the creation of safety systems especially in cars which can automatically and intelligently detect dangerous situations and react accordingly (Schweitzer,2). This helps save lives. However with the integration of robotics, the most negative economic aspect is the replacement of human beings by robots. This increases cases of unemployment and thus making robotics technology highly less-traveled among operational and technically skilled people. Thus the development of intelligent ma chines is highly limited to jobs that human beings cannot do or will not do and also be based on a psychiatric hospital of no competition with human beings(Schweitzer,5). The machines should be able to assist and not remove people from work. Robots built for services to people such as robots for lawn mowing and cleaning are beneficial to people as they speed up these services. The economic view more or less dictates the advancement of robotic technology. If it does not improve the lives of people and merely takes their jobs away and replacing them, it would be highly unlikely for the robots

Appeal letter (defer standing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Appeal letter (defer standing) - Essay ExampleShe controls my accredit card and has twice failed to give me money for my daily upkeep and tuition fees. As an international student, this affects my schoolwork as the stress of finding money to cater for tuition fees and daily life is actually high. I did not perform very well in my last exams, thus she sent me back to china. However, through with(predicate) begging she gave me a second chance.On 30th December last year, I went to China to remonstrate my folks. Unfortunately, my parents had already divorced and father was instanter living with his younger lover. The new relationship that my father was into was promptly over two years old. It was depressing that my father cheated on my contract before the divorce with this girl. before my arrival in China, I thought everything could turn up well but contrary the pivotal happened I got more depressed. What was annoying is that father treated the new girl much better than my moth er he showered her with love and care. He also prepared food for the new girlfriend something I possess never seen him do for my mother. This made my life more unbearable, anger and jealousy cloud my mind. China was now intolerable and at some moment felt like returning to Canada. However, going to Canada at that succession could not be possible considering the intense and deteriorative relationship with my aunt.The divorce agreement of my parents saw my mother hold on the house. However, her wages are low making it difficult for her to pay the rent while sustaining the family. My mothers death only worsened the situation it deeply affected me emotionally and psychologically. It is a miracle I stayed unbendable until now. Each day was a nightmare and concentrating with my academic revision was impossible. Many times my mind was clouded with things beyond my control, always thinking on how unfair life has become.Last year I was very serious with my academics, always reviewing my notes in time and reading ahead of the teacher. However, now I seem to

International Investing-IP3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Investing-IP3 - Essay ExampleOne g all overnment agency to diversify is to buy financial securities of the same asset class, but in different industry sectors that are directly affected by a different kind of variables (Yahoo, 2011). For example one can endow in stocks from the energy sector, succession simultaneously adorning in stocks of the computer technology related stocks. Since frugal and mart factors affect different industries differently, by investing in a variety of sectors, there is always a good chance of having one or more of your investments outperforming the merchandise average. Diversification also focuses on investing in different classes of assets. For example since bonds historically have a tendency to perform get around when stock performance is declining it serves well for a grind investor to allocate a percentage of their investment portfolio in the bond market depending on the investors level of risk aversion. 2) As many investors alrea dy know the market value of a security is determined by a variety of financial, market and socio-political factors. The volatility of the market value of investments is a risk all investors have to accept and plan for. Since the world economies are seemly more interconnected and correlated changes in one market can spread like wildfire to early(a) financial markets. Some argue that for U.S. investors the benefits of investing internationally might be less compared with other countries receivable to the wide variety of highly diversified multinational corporation stocks available to U.S. investors though local markets as a well developed and diversified economy. There is still a lot of room for the savvy investor to allocate part of its investment portfolio in the international markets especially in emerging markets or develop economies. Even when due to their horizontal surface of correlation, international markets and domestic markets move in the same direction the degree of r esponse to the same situation might be completely different. There are more opportunities for higher up average ripostes between emerging economies and industrialized nations since the level of correlation between them is much less. Therefore opportunities bristle for extraordinary returns in international markets, albeit at the expense of an increased level of overall investment risks and effectiveness losses. 3) There are many reasons to invest in international markets Maximum portfolio performance - many investors timid away from investing internationally since they view it as too risky or complex. As a matter of fact although most U.S. investors tend to focus their portfolio domestically, more than 75% of the global economic and over 50% of the total worlds equity market capitalization comes from the international markets (Ishares, 2011). As a matter of fact, international IPOs now outnumber domestic IPOs and while international investments are typically more volatile than t heir U.S. counterparts. They are forecasted to have higher rates of produce than their domestic counterparts. Lower portfolio volatility-By investing in international securities investors can lower portfolio volatility and maximize their return on investment. The use of a single type of investment instrument increases the risk associated with the investment alternative. When investors invest in both the domestic and international markets they are opening the doors of opportunity due to the fact that the investor has the

Personal Managerial Effectiveness - Assignments Essay

Personal Managerial Effectiveness - Assignments - Essay representativeurring of boundaries between nations, immigration reforms and the likes, there is a sudden influx of socio-culturally diverse population in the UK, resulting in a highly diverse raceplace (Allard, 2002).These changes in the demographic profile of the country have vie a key role in the increased significance of piece of work diversity and the need for reforms in workplace related laws. Globalization has opened the gates for firms to compete on a global scale. Organizations directly are, hence, not only competing on a local or national level but on a much wider global platform. The markets and the demography of a typical consumer have withal changed simultaneously. Hence it is pressing for organizations to ensure increased awareness about the need and significance of workplace diversity (Deborah & Smith, 2003).Positive work environment is one of the most coveted aspects of a workplace that promises to foster har monious working relationships among the employees and great individual dignity. Considering the benefits offered by a positive and diverse workplace, organisations today are embracing the concept and reaping the benefits offered by a skilled workforce, hired purely on the basis of talent and skills rather than socio-cultural factors. This report on workplace diversity aims to discuss, analyse and explore the concept of workplace diversity, its application, benefits and implications within workplaces in the UK, and the recommendations for improving workplace diversity.The term diversity with regard to workplace refers to differences among employees with regard to a range of factors including age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and /or disability. It is to a fault used with regard to acceptance and respect for the individual differences (Hankin, 2005 p. 67).Daft (2007) defines workplace diversity as a workforce made of people with different human qualities or who belong to various cultural groups. It is also defined as differences among people

Performing and Visual Arts Standardization Essay

playing and Visual Arts Standardization - Essay ExampleIn Wikipedia Encyclopedia The visual arts be art forms that focus on the creation of which are primarily visual in nature, such as Painting, Photography, Print making and film making. Those that involve three dimensional objects such as engrave and architecture are called plastic arts.In Wikipedia Encyclopedia The performing arts are those forms of art which resist from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artists own body, face and presents as a fair and latter uses material such as clay metal or paint.The teachers of arts should be well read and well informed on arts and artists. They should do research on arts from the past and the present so as to make them thorough with the subject. They should also try to participate in art criticism based on reliable information and clear criteria. The Art teachers shouldshape the students exponent to think. They should encourage their students to observe arts, and create and use their imaginations. They should make the students organize their thoughts and feelings. The teachers of arts should teach the students to respond in predictable and unpredictable ways.

Diminishing Returns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diminishing Returns - Essay ExampleThis article is a write up about how the law of diminishing returns has affected the popularity and profitability of the kind media. The write up focuses on the idea of applications and advertisements on the social media sites having been stretched too far. Facebook is undoubtedly the most popular social media website operate in the present world. Apart from Facebook, other common social media sites are Instagram, Tumblr, Twitter, SnapChat and Tinder. Facebook is widely used and is an ready medium of advertisement by businesses. However, the number of users of Facebook seems to impart reached a stagnation level. The overuse of applications and third party advertisements seems to have clouded the interests of the Facebook users. The law of diminishing returns can be applied to the stagnant user profiles of Facebook with the evaluation that the increase in the number of advertisements have led to a decrease in the interests of the devouring(pre nominal) users of Facebook. The law of diminishing returns is applicable for Facebook and other social media sites as well because the use of extensive applications have created the need for Facebook and other social media sites to make their active users become more interested to use the platforms of these sites (Gerber, 2014). The social media sites try to attract the attention of their users to different businesses through the advertisements in the sites. However, Facebook and other social media sites can be identified to have missed the consideration of the customer cognition levels.

Recent Development in the Thoery of Rules versus Dicretions Essay

new-fashioned Development in the Thoery of Rules versus Dicretions - Essay ExampleIn this respect, this essay will assess the rationale in the Barro-Gordon Model of rules versus discretion to illustrate the relationship between monetary policies and inflation in achieving economic outcomes.pecuniary policies play a crucial role in achieving certain outcomes low unemployment, high money supply, or low inflation in the economy. Achieving these outcomes, however, depends on the existing conditions surrounding the economic environment, which is also affected two by an individuals gestateations on future policies and economic conditions and the manner that these expectations are formed (Barro 1984 1-2). The clog given to individual expectations, in this regard, highlights the monetary rules versus discretion debate under monetary economics such(prenominal) that as illustrated by the Barro-Gordon Model, an individuals expectations regarding future policies can either offset the effe cts of inflation under arbitrary policies or achieve the zero inflation outcome through rules (Barro and Gordon 1983).Contrary to the traditional debate between rules and discretion focused on a policymakers capabilities and objectives the Barro-Gordon Model is based on Kydland and Prescotts drill that identifies rules as a form of commitment similar to public policies and business dealings (Barro 1984 1). In this respect, a monetary policy will only be as effective as the governments reputation and its credibility in making a commitment to a policy because assuming that individuals are rational, they will always act in manner that predicts government behaviour and compensate for any losings that they believe will come from it. Hence, under monetary policies, where the output is always a consequent tog out or fall in inflation, assuming that inflation is high and individuals are rational, these individuals will always expect a higher inflation rate and immediately adjust to these high rates, eliminating the

Theoretical Skirmish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theoretical Skirmish - Essay Example115), while Condit did not clearly dress the term, but stated that hegemony resisted the exclusive and narrow focus on the economic base that pervaded earlier redness theories (Condit, 1994, p. 206).Condit stated that the earlier Marxist theories held that in capitalism, dominant classes imposed their capitalism ideology on the working(a) class, and that, since capitalism flourished around the globe, while Marxism failed, the ideology had to have been spread by coercive military blackmail of the State proper and the leadership exerted in the civil cabaret on behalf of the world view of the separate in power (Condit, 1994, p. 206). In other words, according to this theory, capitalism is maintained in these societies by obsession and by leadership. The leaders must have allies with whom they have active assent, while also maintaining still assent from the governed. In this way, there is a distinction between power and leading power is someth ing that a person obtains, while leading is the quality the person exerts. It is this latter quality that stabilizes a society. Leading takes into card that there are a spectrum of interests in the populace, and that the leading groups interest is not the only one. If a society does not take this into account, but, rather, that the leader merely dictates his own worldview on the populace, this is dominating, as opposed to leading, and this results in tyranny without hegemony (Condit, 1994, p. 207).Thus, hegemony is defined as a way to stabilize society by generating some kind of combine by the populace to the ideological bent of the leader. Condit and Cloud take slightly different tacts in illustrating the fantasy of hegemony, however. Condit states that hegemony in the United States is accomplished by concordance. In pre-industrial societies, hegemony was accomplished in a different way. Because these societies were more than

Ethical Challenges for Non-Profits Research Paper

Ethical Ch altogetherenges for Non-Profits - Research Paper ExampleThese organizations per condition a vital liaison and oftentimes subject only the guidance of their benefactors. Their workers fight many fronts, in diverse fields, such as helping eliminate racial discrimination, poverty, diseases, hunger and political persecution, for example. They provide an important service which is often not very much appreciated and in many instances, overlooked because they work without much fanfare. A devout example are religious organizations which provide food or soup kitchens, helping homeless great deal get a warm meal in the middle of winter. Their efforts cigarettenot be underestimated for they fill in the gaps where the disposal and the private sectors fail at times. By working and aiding the marginalized sectors of society, they provide hope and meaning to many lives. in that location are many pitfalls and benefits to capitalism further one of the most egregious failures is tha t certain sectors of society can get left out. Globalisation has been increasing due to the big innovations in communications and technology which helped give-up the ghost people, goods and services much easier worldwide, as sh take in by higher flows of capital in foreign direct investments (FDI) however one drawback is that in some instances, some people ended up poorer instead of being richer. population with conscience are rightly concerned with this inequality and this gave rise to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and this radical takes a deeper look at one aspect of this issue. Discussion Corporate social responsibility had acquire a buzzword in care sectors because it is now considered a violate of doing business it is one form how an economic entity gives back to the community which has sustained it and is now generally conceded a part of continuing success. A good number of big or global organizations have adopted CSR as a part of their business model. It is now an integral part of doing business, and in this connection, many of them had developed their own models of doing so. The lofty goals of CSR evolved from its own attempts of having a good code of ethics in the wake of some previously questionable business practices the goals are intended to make a company compliant with legal regulations, ethical and moral standards, and a good way to practice and embrace generally-accepted international norms of doing business. The prevalence of CSR today had been partly due to the active advocacies of nonprofit groups in the prior years which are now bearing the fruits of their work only today. A good CSR policy put in place guides the firm in making the best decisions for all stakeholders involved. A business firm can opt for several modes in how to go about implementing its CSR but three forms have been suggested within the context of this issue in which there are some shrewish concerns on how best to execute a CSR policy in view of their prof it motives as for-profit firms. A key issue involved is one of costs, in which funds and resources devoted to this policy can be evaluated in terms of their efficiency and effectiveness. Activities and funds related to CSR must be maximized and the three options are to set in (giving to charitable or nonprofit groups), to collaborate (by working closely and partnering with a chosen nonprofit organization) or lastly, to just build up an in-house program

Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media - Research Paper ExampleIllustrative of this changing landscape atomic number 18 the 2004 presidential alternative campaigns. The top Democratic and Republi apprise candidates were backside Kerry and George W. Bush. Some of the key issues on which the campaigns dour included the invasion on Iraq and generally the war on terror and defense issues, gay marriages, abortion, health, environmental issues, education, budget, trade and issues of gun control. It is on these controversial issues that voters divided between both the Republican and Democratic camps. It is in the first place on media, specifically ad campaigning that opponents communicate ideas to the populace and it has proved instrumental in influencing voting patterns, voter turnout and even fishping the vote in tight races the main focus being in battleground states. The race between Bush and Kerry was so close that many issues were predicted to be likely to tip on the balance. One of these was television ad camp aigns. The amount of financial resources exhausted was staggering. In 2004, with fifty sponsors, the Republicans having cardinal and Democrats the rest, hundreds of ads were aired up to over 670, 000 times in prime markets and on cable. Over $ 550, 000 was spent by these sources. Swift boating or shadowing can also be a function of election advertising campaigns analogous to smear campaigns, these are attacks on an opponents credibility and patriotism. ... The Bush-Kerry race was a competitive one and one in which commercials were a dominant and decisive feature. The unprecedented amount spent on the 2004 election ad campaigns is one of its distinctive features. The second was that it commenced earlier than had been witnessed before, on March fourth and third was the record set by outsiders, non-candidate groups for example the SBVT, a veteran group which felt itself restrict to step forward to apparently correct Kerrys exaggerated claims about his service in Vietnam. An namele ss source is of the view that while investigations into the effects of political ad campaigns hasnt been proven to improve voter turnout or set the pace for the discussion of issues or other agenda they are wide agreed to affect a voters choice, stimulate interest in the election, help swop perceptions about a candidate and generally increase knowledge on issues and policy. Candidates in election ads can acclaim defend or attack. Research according to Gallup & Newport shows that attacks on policy rather than the character or person are more effective. There are two major ads that can prove the statistics right. Kerrys fought for his boorish ad and George Bushs 100 days ad are perfect examples of what electoral electioneering encompasses. Fought for his country- John Kerry The words spoken are in normal print whereas the music is italicized and the images are in prentices. The ad opens with a three way split-screen. As the announcer begins on Kerrys history and soft music starts in the background and piano strokes continue throughout the whole commercial. Its upbeat music that progressively increases in pacing and pitch throughout the

Organization & Operation of International Investment Bank Essay Example for Free

Organization process of International Investment Bank EssayNowadays, borders seem to be springing up in the nooks and corners of every metropolis in every country. The coasts argon no longer ope grade globally, in fact most of the heavy(p) intrusts get under ones skin marked their presence in most of the continents and yet they keep on expanding their dividing line. There was a time when banking only meant providing loans to people or keeping their deposits save this is not the case any more(prenominal). Many contrary kinds of banks look at sprung up offering diversified pecuniary service that furnish clients with investing and insurance products plainly the major ones ar the commercial banks and the enthronization banks. The banks not only offer serve to the customers and make their declare money in the process but are in fact a vital transgress of the economy and its development as well. The role of the study is to make an analysis of the role played by i nvestiture funds banks by dint of their importance allow come to light. The study will likewise be discussed with keep to the functional of these bodies internationally. Introduction The study deals with coronation banks it is important to know how these institutions are different from commercial banks. commercialized banks are those institutions which accept deposits, provide business loans, and also offer different relevant services. Besides, they also provide the facility of fashioning a variety of deposits through accounts bid checking, time deposits or savings (Harvey, 2004). The purpose of existence of these institutions is to make a profit and the owners are a group of individuals, of whom some whitethorn die to Federal Reserve System. Though the commercial banks provide services to individuals or clients, but their prime hit is to receive deposits and lend to businesses.An enthronisation bank perform a range of tasks including issuance of securities (underwriti ng), management of portfolios of financial assets, trading securities (stocks and bonds), helping investors in dealing securities and providing financial advice and support services they are also winding in various proprietary functions in the financial markets, where they are their own clients (Lim, 26). It is mainly an intermediary who brings unitedly divvy upers of stocks and bonds with buyers of the same.It differs mainly from the investment bank in the aspect that it has no inventory of cash deposits un akin a commercial bank. The companies ordinarily use investment banks for achieving the same end as the commercial banks. If capital is required by a company, it may either obtain loan from a commercial bank, or buy equity or debt from investment bank. Commercial banks concur availability of funds through depositors contradictory an investment bank who, for this resolve, declare to spend respectable time looking for investors from whom they may obtain capital for clien ts. literary productions ReviewIn the earlier days, banks were usually restricted to their local blank of origin and only a few large ones had their branches in other countries but during the 19th century it was seen that many small banks failed in trying times for the cogitate that they were dependant on the fluctuations that local trades and industries went through on the other go along big banks which had their branches across the border were much secure as the risks were extended across a larger market and a broader range of borrowers. This is what gave rise and added to the popularity of international banking.Banks are involved in a unspecific range of services including the safe keeping of money and its transmission by different means like checks. At a primarily level, a bank causes the money from the customers and undertakes to repay it when demanded or when a prearranged completion expires. But the roles of bank are no longer restricted to taking deposits or providin g loans, there has been a great change in the nature of banks and their business has become more manifold over the end 20 years and this can be greatly contributed to the addition of various services pertinent to non-banking areas.This is the reason that major banks have taken control of bodies like merchant banks, estate agencies or hire-purchase companies, and have moved into areas like insurance and leasing (Geoffrey, 38-41). International banks ope evaluation overseas often suffer downward rating as seen the course of history that when a countrys credideucerthiness is downgraded by international private agencies because of slacking exoteric finances, it is followed by a similar rating of banks issuing shares because they carry large amounts of foreign currency government debt.The reason for this is that debt carries foreign exchange risk since the country is issuing it in a foreign currency so increasing the probability of default in case the domestic currency depreciates th e countries who issue Eurobonds exercise pleasant sovereign credit ratings which permits them to float, in international markets, foreign currency bonds that have been underwritten by major international investment banks and carry investment grade AAA.Funds from the sale of securities return to banks and then may be invested partly in the provision of loans to the private sector or any other asset which carries a lower risk than that of foreign currency government debt (Shaheen Achkar, 353). A bank should work profitably but by no means it should turn into an organisation that is not trusted by its customers, employees or shareholders. nigh of the customers across the globe consider banks with quiet suspicion and at times raze with vocal hostility where they are considered evil and not a valued service industry and there is rarely a day when the tabloid press does not expose some apparent banking bungle or scam. bulk of the banks are bent opon extending their branch network and makreting their products. A customer who is anxious to just perform a simple transaction like cashing a cheque, often find himself/herself in the hands of a bank staff trying to make him go for the product of the week.The banks are no longer focused on creating a customer-oriented environment that may attract customers but are following the policy of indiscriminate sell which are driving out customers. Merely, expanding the branch network in different countries is not enough unless the bank succeeds in establishing a reputation for loyalty and trustworthiness with its borrowers. There are occasionally times when conflicts evolve between the interests of a bank and its borrowers, but the key is to maintain mutual respect.Like the other organizations in service industries, customer satisfaction should lie at the core of a banks culture (John, 27). With respect to working of the investment banks, there is great reliance on analysts. These analysts are essential to the organization and working of investment banks. Because of the servies that they provide and avail, investors depend on analysts to perform a skilled analysis of security valuation, as it is usually the art and science which they are unable to perform themselves.At individual level, these analysts normally give coverage to a group of companies falling at heart the domain of particular industries. For this reason all major investment banks and even smaller commercial ones have their own teams of analysts who perform essential research on public corporations. These analysts do not contribute presently in generating material tax income for the bank. Instead, their services support two major groups.The first group is of professional and non-professional investors who give commissions to the banks by means of their orders to buy and sell securities. In this domain, what the analyst does is to spend time talking with investors in order to collect orders from them, which are not directly given to them b ut instead placed through salespeople working in the bank and with whom analysts keep in touch on a daily basis. The other important group in investment bank is the corporate finance department. This department is the vital contributor to revenues and profits earned by banks.The majority of revenue earned by the corporate finance is a depart of underwriting and arranging financing (debt and equity) and providing services like mergers and acquisitions (MA) advice to the clients. The role of analysts in Corporate finance lies where they are seeked for the promottion and sale of capital offerings and MA deals to investors (Hayward Boeker, 1-5). In the past, investment banks have earned great benefits because of the high demand for its products and many existing macro cut offs prevalent in most of the countries.One such(prenominal) example is of disintermediation of traditional capital providers which facilitated the continued developments in the business expanse of corporate bond a nd securitisaties even on the investment side, there was disintermedation of traditional savings providers like banks or insurance companies, as a result a flood of funds rushed into equity markets which brought the conduct for execution of advice and transaction another factor which contributed to the success of investment banks is the globalisation of corporations and investors.Another positive trend was the effort of continued restructuring by corporations and governments so as to achieve global competitiveness and hence requiring consultive services of the investment banks. The reaction of the banking industry to these trends was the decision to organise itself around the organizations that were product-orientated so as to take advantage of the situation. To put it in other words, the former range of services that were offered and product capability was amplified cod to increased product demand (Kauffman Howcroft, 214).The international investment banks expanded their netwo rk across many countries as result of opportunities that were offered due to structural changes in the economy during the nineties in the form of privatization and ownership reallotment twain in the financial and non-financial sectors (Messori 177). The function of international investment banks in terms of the banks own business is not awlays and necessarily the desire to be a major force in the retail owe market but sometimes what they are instead aiming for is the building of their securitisation businesses.By expanding into the mortgage space beyond the local arena, a ready supply of new assets for securitisation become accessible to these banks directly, rather than this that they source loans in the secondary market. The benefit of securitising most of the loans of the bank in the mortgage business originates implies that the investment bank is undefended of passing the risk of credit along to investors, and not only this but in turn also earning feed by means of arranging the securitisation transactions(Wood 36). An international investment bank often reaps the benefit of geographical co-location in many of the cases.The concept behind geographical co location can be illustrated by means of a local code which promotes the idea that the knowledge which is specific to a certain place can be best acquired and utilized by marking your presence at that place. When talking of investment banks services, lets say, its MA advisory service, such transaction requires knowledge that is of a non-cosmopolitan nature, meaning, that the availability of such knowledge is limited, which means that it is pertinent to local market besides being related to the professional knowledge of the international MA community (Schamp et al. 11- 615).Methodology This research is basic in nature and is done to have a better understanding of the investment banks. The qualitative methodology of research has been used and is based on the use of secondary data, which is one that is g athered from existing data sources and has not been done by the tec himself. For the purpose of collecting data for this research, articles/journals on the subject have been used. The use of secondary data saves time of doing all the research from a scratch and saves cost due to easily available of databases catering to the accept and providing relevant information.The methodology takes effort in identifying the correct data and discarding the irrelevant ones besides it authenticity may also be questioned at times. Property and validity of data The data is secondary in nature, and has been obtained through reliable sources like published articles and research journals. The data is valid since it is not obsolete, relevant and authentic. Analysis of findings Now, we will present an analysis of our findings in light of the literature review.Expansion banking beyond the boundariesThe workings of banks on an international level has not always been the trend, in fact, the banks usually u sed to be local and work within limited cities and towns but over time, such banks turned out to be unsuccessful and the counted few ones who operated internationally were seen to be making success. thus the banks saw opportunity in expanding their branches and their network as a entirely beyond local boundaries. The reason for the success was that when they operated in diverse foreign markets and dealt with diverse borrowers, the risk was no longer linked with a single market only and was thus reduced.Rise of investment banking The traditional functions of bank were limited to making loans and taking deposits and transferring of funds but this is no longer the case. There are banks now providing non-traditional services like leasing, insurance, mortgages. The investment banks became well versed among the masses as a result of diversification of bank services and of the trends that were prevalent in the economy during the 19th century.These trends among others, included disintermed iation of financial services and different restructuring in the economy like privatization or resource allocation among different sectors which facilitated the need for advisory services. Organization of international investment banks The international investment banks are organized in a modality so as to reap the best benefits from their operation in the international markets. These banks deal with local securities among other things of the countries in which they operate.This provides them with a better understanding of the local market conditions but at the same time, unlike local banks, they are not oblivious of the international markets and can play smartly in both arenas. But the back draw of this international arrangement is often microscopic in the form of downgraded rating when the foreign country of their operation is going through some sort of economical crisis but even then this downgrading is better than those of the local investment banks who are purely organized aro und the local financial instruments in their operations.The international investments banks are organized in such a way that only makes them visible in the international domain but also provide them with a supply of new assets thus enabling them to pass the credit risk to investors and also to arrange more transactions. Operation of the international investment banks In the operation of the international investment banks, trust is a crucial element. Banks seem to be more focused on the expansion of their branch network and sale of their products than on building the customers trust.The customers must have the trust that their bank is providing them with the right investment options and that it is equally involved in the risk bore by them only then can these investment banks operate successfully. The international bank operates through a complicated process but what is important is to know that these banks are dependant to a great degree on their financial analysts. These analysts ar e not involved in the direct generation of revenue but are in fact the essential elements for providing support to two of the revenue generating bodies, which are the investors and the corporate finance.The analysts spend considerable amount of time with the investors and give them advices regarding the right place to invest in with respect to the corporate finance department, these analysts support those working with corporate finance department in persuading the clients into letting the bank handle their purchase and selling of securities and other needs and in promoting their services by giving the right check and balance. findingBanking is no longer traditional and the former traditional role lies with the commercial banks the diverse operations have given rise to the investment banks that have expanded their networks internationally and are making success. By operational globally, the investment banks come to terms with the local market conditions which enable them to have a more in depth insight and thus make wise investment decisions and provide the clients with the right options for decision making the main personnel involved in their operations are their analysts who provide support to the revenue generating bodies of the bank.

The play An Inspector Calls Essay Example for Free

The play An quizzer Calls EssayAn Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestley is a play set in the early 1900s in the industrial city of Brumley. The logrolling family and G successionld Croft is interrogated by a man who calls himself Inspector Goole, and it becomes clear that everyone is hiding something. The inspector controls the pace of the play by dealing with one enquiry at a time, and the tension is gradually built up, and since there is a lot at stake for each of the characters the situation is very fragile. Throughout Act I J. B.Priestley presents the differences betwixt gender designs, as the men retreat to have their cigars and the women stay and discuss domesticities. The suicide of Eva Smith and the interrogatory upon further explores notions of power division, morality and justice seen within the English society. An Inspector Calls is set during the pre-war Edwardian era in an industrial town in the North Midlands of England. It is the year 1912, and social status and wealth plays a vital role in the English society.The Birling family is gathered for a celebration in the dine room of a fairly large suburban house. Although the house is heavily comfortable, it is not cosy and homy suggesting that the Birling family do not share a strong bond and that they do not come about much time together. The family is in evening dress, symptomatic for the time period, and an indication of wealth and prestige. A mans role during the Victorian era of the late 19th century consisted of mainly working, supporting the family, and standing upright in the society.Mr. Birling, the head of the family, is a man of great self-importance and vanity, with the idea that there is a very nigh chance of knighthood however, he is very parochial and conveys a limited outlook on life, incapable of mentation beyond the comfortable boundaries he has created for himself seen in the dramatic irony in his lengthy speech. Mr. Birlings daughters fianci Gerald Croft aligns with Arth ur Birling, as he has the same thoughts and beliefs, and more importantly he believes in the same business approach.He is of a soused background, and is perceived to be a well mannered man-about-town however, he has a very niggling and narcissistic mentality. Inspector Goole, is a man in his 50s dressed in a plain twilit suit, he enters on the note give us some light, suggesting that he will bring metaphorical light upon the situation. He creates an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness in the play, and although Inspector Goole ultimately belongs to the working class, he manages to gain the upper hand with morality and the law on his side.He portrays a very passe-partout manner as he refrains from drinking, and addresses people eye to eye, which is disconcerting when attempting to tell a lie. Mr. Birlings son Eric, is a young man with good intentions however, he is starting to loose himself to his excess of spare time. He is a paradoxical character as he demons trates both hope for the future, as he is more assured of the workers, but his drinking, gambling, and womanizing appears to act as a barrier.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Essay Example for Free

vehicular Ad Hoc Net work EssayABSTRACT.vehicular Ad Hoc Networks is a kind of special wireless ad hoc network, which has the characteristics of full(pre noneinal) node mobility and fast topology changes. The Vehicular Networks great deal provide wide variety of function, ranges from safety and split up avoidance to internet annoy and multimedia applications. Attacking and misusing such network could cause destructive consequences. It is accordingly necessary to integrate protection requirements into the design of VANETs and defend VANET musical arrangements against misbehaviour, in order to ensure correct and smooth-spoken operations of the network. In this paper, I propose a certificate musical arrangement for VANETs to achieve concealing craved by vehicles and traceability required by law enforcement administration, in addition to satisfying fundamental surety department requirements including hallmark, nonrepudiation, center integrity, and confidentiali ty. More everyplace, we propose a hiding-preserving defense proficiency for network authorities to handle misbehaviour in VANET access, considering the contend that silence provides avenue for misbehaviour. The proposed clay employs an individualitybased crypto schema where certificates are non needed for documentation. I show the fulfilment and feasibleness of our system with respect to the security goals and efficiency.1 INTRODUCTION VEHICULARad hoc networks (VANETs) are receiving increasing attentions from pedantic and deployment efforts from industry, collectible to the various applications and potential tremendous benefits they offer for future VANET users. Safety randomness exchange enables life-critical applications, such as the alerting functionality during intersection traversing and lane merging, and thus, plays a separate role in VANET applications. Valueadded services stinkpot enhance drivers traveling experience by providing convenient Internet access, navig ation, toll payment services, etc. new(prenominal) applications are likewise possible including different warning pass alongs for congestion avoidance, detour notification, road conditions (e.g., slippery), etc., and alarm signals disseminated by emergency vehicles (e.g., ambulance) for road clearance. The attractive frisks of VANETs inevitably incur higher risksif such networks do not relieve oneself security into account prior to deployment. For instance, if the safety messages are modified, discarded, or delayed either intentionally or repayable to hardware malfunctioning, serious consequences such as injuries and even deaths may occur. This necessitates and urges the development of a functional, reliable, and high-octanesecurity architecture before all other implementation aspects of VANETs.Fundamentally,VANET security design should guarantee stylemark, nonrepudiation, integrity, and in whatsoever specific application scenarios, confidentiality, to protect the network a gainst attackers.Besides the fundamental security requirements, sensitive randomness such as identity operator and location privacy should be reserved from the vehicle possessors perspective, against abominable tracing and user profiling, since otherwise it is difficult to attract vehicles to join the network. On the contrary, traceability is required where the identity information need be revealed by law enforcement authorities for liability issues, once accidents or crimes occur. In addition, privilege repeal is required by network authorities (e.g., network administrator) once misbehaviour is spy during network access. It is less difficult to prevent misbehavior of unauthorized users (i.e., outsiders)since legitimate users and roadside units (RSUs) can exclusively disregard communication requests from outsiders by style of authentication.Nevertheless, misbehaviour of legitimate users of VANETs (i.e., insiders) is more difficult and coordination compound to prevent, the precedent macrocosm that insiders possess credentials issued by the ascendancy to consummate authentication with peer vehicles or RSUs who canbe well tricked into trusting the insiders. Consequently, the insiders misbehaviour pull up stakes have much bangingr impact on the network and will be the focus of this paper. I proposed system in this paper and m either recent proposals on VANET security provide the option of using unknown credentials in authentication, rendering it even more complex to handle misbehaviour in VANETs, since the user identity is hidden and cannot be linked arbitrarily which curbs the punishment of misbehaving users. Contributions. Given the conflicting goals of privacy and traceability, and the challenges in designing a privacy-preserving defense scheme for VANETs,i motivated to propose a security system that can effectively and efficiently solve the conflicts and challenges.Specifically, my main contributions in this paper include 1. I propose a anon ym-based scheme to assure vehicle user privacy and traceability. 2. I design a threshold signature-based scheme to achieve nonframeability in tracing law violators. In this scheme, an bare vehicle cannot be framed by a corrupted law enforcement authority cod to rolesplitting mechanism.3. A novel privacy-preserving defense scheme is proposed leveraging threshold authentication. It guarantees that any additional authentication beyond the threshold will result in the abrogation of the misbehaving users. This defense scheme differs from others mainly in that it yields flexibility in the revocation (i.e., not all types of misbehaviour should be punished). Moreover, the dynamic accumulators in the threshold authentication technique facilitates each user to place further restrictions (besides the threshold) on other communicating users, which is an attractive feature to service providers. 4. My design incorporates mechanisms that guarantee authentication, nonrepudiation, message integ rity, and confidentiality.2 RELATED WORK There is a large body of research work related to the security and privacy in VANETs. The most related works are on the design of privacypreserving schemes. Raya and Hubaux 1investigated the privacy issue by proposing a pseudonym-based approach using anonymous public keys and the public key infrastructure (PKI), where the public key certificate is needed, giving rise to spare communication and storage overhead. Theauthors also proposed three credential revocation protocols tailored for VANETs, namely RTPD,RC2RL, and DRP 5, considering that the certificate revocation list (CRL) needs to be distributed across the entire network in a timely manner. exclusively the three protocols seem to work well under conventional public key infrastructure (PKI). However, the authors also proposed to use frequently updated anonymous public keys to fulfillusers requirement on identity and location privacy. If this privacy preserving technique is used in conju nction with RC2RL and DRP, the CRL produced by the trust authority will become huge in size, rendering the revocation protocols highly inefficient.A lightweight symmetric-key-based security scheme for balancingauditability and privacy in VANETs is proposed in 2. It bears the drawback that peer vehicles demonstrate each other via a base station, which is unsuitable for inter vehicle communications. Gamage et al. 6 adopted an identity-based (IDbased) ring signature scheme to achieve signer ambiguity and hence fulfill the privacy requirement in VANET applications. The disadvantage of the ring signature scheme in the context of VANET applications, is the unconditional privacy, resulting in the traceability requirement unattainable. Group signature-based schemes are proposed in 4 where signer privacy is conditional on the concourse manager. As a result, all these schemes have the problem of identity escrow, as a gathering manager who possesses the group master key can arbitrarily rev eal the identity of any group member. In addition, due to the limitation of group formation in VANETs (e.g., too few cars in the vicinity to establish the group), the group-based schemes 4may not be applied appropriately.The election of group leader will sometimes encounter difficulties since a trusted entity cannot be found amongst peer vehicles. There are also a number of defense techniques against misbehaviour in VANET literature besides those in 1. An indirect approach via the aid of infrastructure is used in 4.The TA distributes the CRL to the infrastructure points which then take over the TAs responsibility to execute the revocation protocol. The advantage of this approach is that vehicles never need to download the entire RL. Unfortunately, the conditional anonymity claimed in 4. only when applies to amongst peer vehicles, under the assumption that the infrastructure points are trusted.The infrastructure points can reveal the identity of any vehicle at any time even if the v ehicle is unsophisticated. Recently, Tsang et al. 7proposed a blacklistable anonymous credential system for blocking misbehavior without the trusted third party (TTP).The blacklisting technique can be applied to VANETs as if the vehicle fails to prove that it is not on the blacklist of the currentauthenticator, the authenticator will ignore the messages or requests sent by this vehicle. Although not proposed specifically for VANETs, the proposal in 7 has a similar claim as the capability of a TTP (network authority in this paper) to recover a users identity in any case is too strong a punishment and highly undesirable in some scenarios.The downside of thistechnique is the lack of options to trace misbehaving users, since any user in the system(misbehaving or not)will by no means be identified by any entity including the authorities. I proposed a privacy-preserving defense scheme against misbehavior in 8 leveraging threshold authentication technique. This scheme and the scheme in 3 both preserve user privacy, and simultaneously provide trace ability (i.e., tracing law violators by enforcement authorities in 3 and tracing misbehaving users by network authorities in 8). The major differences surrounded by these schemes are the different technical legitimateizations of the privacy and traceability schemes, due to the different application 3 SYSTEM MODEL We describe the functionalities of our security system and define security requirements in this section. 3.1 Overview Major entities in a VANET environment are depicted in A VANET system diagram.As mentioned before, traceability is needed by law enforcement authorities (LEAs) who require the identity of a violating vehicle to be disclosed for investigating the cause of accidents or crimes. Due to the seriousness of liability issues, if a single authority (e.g., the police) is fully capable of revealing the vehicle identity, this privilege may be abused. It is desirable if two or more authorities (e.g., the polic e, judge, special agents, and other possible law enforcement authorities) are give distributed control over the identity retrieval process. One benefit in doing so is that corrupted authorities (the number being less than the threshold) cannot arbitrarily trace vehicle users to compromise their privacy. Another benefit is that malicious authorities cannot wrong accuse (or frame) honest users. Such role-splitting is not required for network authorities since the threshold authentication technique in our defense scheme prevents a network authority from falsely accusing honest users.The proposed security system primarily consists of techniques addressing the privacy, traceability, nonframeability, and revocation (only by network authorities) issues. The system of logic diagram of the entities interactions is depicted in logic diagram, where the arrowed descents indicate the direction of packet flow or physical communications, the bracketed numbers near each line index the major even ts or processs between the connected entities. The vehicle users are split into access group owners and members, whereas the RSUs can only be accessgroup owners. The entities and events/procedures are described in what follows.3.2 Entities and Procedures The entities in this system are the regional transportation authorities (RTAs), law enforcement authorities (LEAs),network authorities, roadside infrastructure including border RSUs for pseudonym management and regular RSUs (simply RSUs) for Internet access, and vehicle users. Considering practical scenarios, the RSUs in this system are mainly responsible for providing infrastructure access and network services. The RSUs are assumed to be operated by third-party service providers (SPs) who have pedigree contracts with the RTA to build access infrastructure in the RTAs region. The RSUs are thus not owned by the RTA and have no preestablished trust relationship with the RTA. On the other hand, borders RSUs are owned and operated by the RTA, and can be considered as the agents who are delegated with the RTAs authority.These entities are involved in the following proceduremay be caused by malfunctioning hardware and thus is incidental. These types of misbehavior share a common feature, i.e., their fact or frequency is low, specifically, lower than a predetermined threshold. room access authentication-based defense further consists of six sub-procedures rank and file registration RSUs and vehicle users register with the RTA to use VANETs. Upon successful registration, a member public/private key pair (mpkmsk) is issued to each RSU and vehicles. The RTA associates the members credential with the issued public key and includes this pair of information into a credential list IDlist. Access group setup RSUs and vehicles setup their own access groups, the member of which is granted privilege to communicate with the access group owner. The group owner adds members to the group and updates related public information. each(prenominal) added member obtains an access key mak for the group. Access group revoking The access group owner turn overs the granted privilege when deciding to stop communications with a member, due to some decision criteria for misbehaviour. The access group owner removes the member from the access group and updates related public information. Threshold authentication This procedure is executed between an RSU and a vehicle, or between peer vehicles. We call the authenticator in this procedure Alice who announces the threshold k possibly different for each user being authenticated. Theauthentication succeeds if and only if the following conditions are met simultaneously the user Bob authenticating with Alice is a registered member of the VANET system, Bob is a legitimate member of Alices access group (if Alice is an access group owner) whose member privilege has not been revoked, and the authentication threshold has not been exceeded.Alice records the authentication transcri pts in AUTHlog Tracing This procedure is used by Alice to trace a misbehaving member Mn who attempts to authenticate more than k times. Alice relies on the AUTHlog and public information, and obtains Mns credential n as the procedure output which is reported to the RTA.Revocation/recovery Upon receiving the complaints from other entities in the system as the output of Tracing, the RTA decides if the misbehaving members credential needs to be revoked. The RTA then performs the identity recovery by looking up the equal pseudonym lookup table PLT (cf.System setup above) which also records the correspondence between the credential n and identity IDn. Note that for the ease of presentation, we assume the RTAs to act as network authorities for the defense scheme in this paper. In reality, when the roles of RTA and network authoritySystem setup This procedure is executed by the RTA for initial VANET system setup including domain parameter publication, public/private key assignment for en tities in the system to perform desired tasks, and database creation for storing necessary records (i.e., the pseudonym lookup table PLT). Pseudonym generation and authentication for privacy RTA and border RSUs execute this procedure to assign pseudonym/private key pairs to both vehicles traveling in their home domain and vehicles from other RTAs domains, so that these vehicles are able to authenticate with RSUs and other vehicles to obtain services and useful messages.Threshold signature for nonframeability This procedure is invoked by LEAs to share the secret information for recovering a guilty vehicles identity. Meanwhile, it prevents corrupted authorities from gathering full power to accuse an innocent vehicle. The functional component of this procedure is the threshold signature. Threshold-authentication-based defense Designed for the network authorities, this procedure is used to revoke a misbehaving vehicles credential, refraining the vehicle from further disrupting system op erations. As the core of this procedure, the threshold authenticationtechnique provides a mechanism to allow certain types of misbehavior that should not result in revocation. For instance, the misbehaviorare separate, the network authority can simply take charge as the RTA in the above sub procedures. Nonetheless, in the execution of Revocation/recovery, the network authority needs to establish trust with or be delegated by the RTA in order to access the PLT.When we mention network authorities in what follows, we implicitly refer to RTAs in the network authority role. 3.3 Security Requirements I define the security requirements for a VANET security system, and will show the fulfillment of these requirements after presenting the design details. 1. Privacy The privacy requirement states that private information such as vehicle owners identity and location privacy is preserved against unlawful tracing and user profiling. 2. Traceability It is required where the identity information of violators need be revealed by law enforcement authorities for liability purposes. The traceability requirement also indicates that a misbehaving user will be identified and the corresponding credential revoked, if necessary, by network authorities, to prevent this user from further disrupting system operations. Certain criteria have to be met for the traceability of a misbehaving user as explained in the next section.3. Nonframeability Nonframeability requires that no entity in the system can accuse an honest user for having violated the law or misbehaved. 4. Other requirements A secure VANET system should satisfy some(prenominal) fundamental requirements, namely, authentication, nonrepudiation, message integrity, and confidentiality where sensitive information is being exchanged, to protect the system against unauthorized-message injection, denial of message disseminations, message alteration, and eavesdropping, respectively. Nonrepudiation also requires that violators or misbeha ving users cannot deny the fact that they have violated the law or misbehaved. 4 CONCLUSIONS AND future WORK I have presented the VANET security system mainly achieving privacy, traceability, nonframeability, and privacy-preserving defense against misbehaviour and reducing business in the network. These functionalities are realized by thepseudonym-based technique, the threshold signature, and the threshold authentication based defense scheme. The ID-based cryptosystem facilitatesus to design communication and storage efficient schemes. Our future work consists of simulating the proposed security system and experimenting it in real VANET settings.REFERENCES1 M. Raya and J-P. Hubaux, Securing Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, J. calculator Security, special issue on security of ad hoc and sensor networks, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 39-68, 2007. 2 J.Y. Choi, M. Jakobsson, and S. Wetzel, Balancing Auditability and Privacy in Vehicular Networks, Proc. First ACM Intl WorkshopQoS and Security for Wir eless and Mobile Networks (Q2SWinet 05), pp. 79-87, Oct. 2005. 3 J. Sun, C. Zhang, and Y. Fang, An Id-Based model Achieving Privacy and Non-Repudiation in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Proc. IEEE Military Comm. Conf., pp. 1-7, Oct. 2007. 4 X. Lin, X. Sun, P.-H. Ho, and X. Shen, GSIS A Secure and Privacy-Preserving Protocol for Vehicular Communications,IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 3442-3456, Nov. 2007. 5 M. Raya, P. apadimitratos, I. Aad, D. Jungels, and J.-P. Hubaux,Eviction of Misbehaving and Faulty Nodes in Vehicular Networks, IEEE J. Selected Areas Comm., vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 15571568,Oct. 2007. 6 C. Gamage, B. Gras, B. Crispo, and A.S. Tanenbaum, An Identity Based Ring signature Scheme with Enhanced Privacy, Proc.Second Intl Conf. Security and Privacy in Comm. Networks (SecureComm 06), Aug. 2006. 7 P. Tsang, M.H. Au, A. Kapadia, and S.W. Smith, Blacklistable Anonymous Credentials Blocking Misbehaving Users without TTPs, Proc. ACM Conf. Computer and Comm. S ecurity (CCS),pp. 72-81, 2007. 8 J. Sun and Y. Fang, A Defense Technique against Misbehavior in VANETs Based on Threshold Authentication, Proc. IEEE Military Comm. Conf., Nov. 2008.

Medical Marijuana Legalization Essay Example for Free

Medical Marijuana Legalization hearAre there medicinal benefits of ganja? Could there really be more to the marihuana whole kit than getting high? Yes, the cannabis (scientific name for cannabis) plant does in f be active have health check exam uses, and there is much more to this extraordinary plant than consuming it to experience its psychoactive effects. However, most Americans argon unaware of the present day medicinal applications of cannabis. From migraines to multiple sclerosis, cannabis can help. The cannabis plant is large naturally and contains no added chemicals, making it ideal. In modern medicine, the cannabis plant has galore(postnominal) medical exam uses. hangmans rope was efficacious to consume in the coupled States up until 1937, when the marihuana tax act of 1937 made bullheadedness or transfer of cannabis illegal throughout the United States under federal law, excluding medical and industrial uses. The American Medical Association was not in fav or of this legislation. Before this law was passed, marijuana was legal and quite popular in the United States. Martin Booth explains in his book Cannabis A History, that In the 1880s hashish parlors were very popular in America and it was estimated that their were around five hundred of these parlors in New York at the time.From 1850-1942 cannabis was listed in the U. S Pharmacopoeia as a useful medicine for nausea, rheumatism, and patience pains it was also easily obtained at the local general store or pharmacy. More than 20 prescription medicines containing marijuana were sold in U. S. pharmacies at the turn of the 20th century, and marijuana-based medicaments were commonly available until cannabis was taken out of the U. S. Pharmacopeia in 1942. Then in 1970, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse barroom and Control Act of 1970, classified marijuana as a Schedule I dose.According to this act a schedule I drug means three things the drug has high potential for abuse, the drug has no c urrently reliable medical use in the U. S, and there is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. Other schedule I drugs include heroin, LSD, peyote, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), and mescaline. The once medicinally valued cannabis plant is now classified with drugs in which have only different and much more harmful effects.Marijuana cannot be classified with the other schedule I narcotics because it can be beneficial to many people with a number of different diseases or health problems. Marijuana can cure migraines, Doctors in California report they have cured over 300,000 cases of migraines with medical marijuana (medicalinsurance. org marijuana-health-facts). The American Association for Cancer Research has found that marijuana rattling works to behindhand down tumor growth in the lungs, breasts, and brain considerably.Studies also suggest that use of medical marijuana helps lower intraocular pressure in the eyes of glaucoma patients (glaucoma. org /treatment/should-you-be-smoking-marijuana-to-treat-your-glaucoma-1. php). Marijuana is also a muscle relaxer that has antispasmodic qualities that have proven to be a very effective treatment for seizures (nimh. nih. gov). Marijuana works to condition the neurological effects and muscle spasms that come from multiple sclerosis by protecting nerves from the wrongfulness caused by the fatal disease (multiple-sclerosis. emedtv. com).Marijuana is so beneficial that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) actually used part of the plant. The main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC for short. The FDA unaffectionate a single molecule cannabinoid pharmaceutical it was called Marinol and was used for treatment of nausea and vomiting in genus Cancer chemotherapy patients who did not respond to conventional antiemetic treatments, according to the article Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States Historical perspectives, current trends , and future directions.From the same article the doctors talk about another medication with similar effects of marijuana, except this one is a synthetic molecule shaped similarly to THC. ) Its called Nabilone and has been approved since 1985 for use with nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. As of 2011 there are currently sixteen states and Washington D. C. that support medical marijuana. The sixteen states include Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington.Our federal establishment on the other hand, does not agree with these state laws and continues to prosecute medical marijuana users because it remains illegal under federal law. The medicinal uses of the cannabis plant have been around since our country was founded, however in present time, marijuana presents no known medicinal value. The founding father of our nation George W ashington, said, falsify the most of the Indian hemp seed, and sow it everywhere It has been used in America since our country was founded, scarce as of now our country cannot come to terms of agreement regarding the cannabis plant. Marijuana can be used to treat or relieve symptoms of many diseases and discomforts, but for now its still illegal and preventing many Americans from getting their medicine. Marijuana has many uses but our federal government cannot see that or chooses not to confide it, regardless, it is still a very applicable medicine. Medical marijuana is used in other countries including our neighbour up north, Canada.So, why is it still illegal in America? If marijuana were to be legalized in the United States for medical purposes, our country would greatly benefit. Marijuana is one the purest most natural substances known to many yet it is referred to as a drug, however over fifty percent of Americans think that medical marijuana should be legalized. Sometime i n the near future our country will recognize all the medical benefits of this magnificent plant, but until then it is still a federal crime to use and possess.

Teaching Vocabulary Using Original Video and Sound Effects to Young Learner Essay Example for Free

Teaching Vocabulary Using Original impression and Sound Effects to Young Learner EssayPutu Darma Putra (2013) in his seminar says that World is words, how nice and influence they be come ons in a dictionary. Words be really powerful for good and evil. They fucking transform in the hands of someone who knows how to choose and combine them. As we know, incline as an international language has an grave role in dealing with the world. For dealing with the world we need to deliver our thought by utilise words or vocabularies. We crapper imagine how powerful diction is. As well known, style is the friendship of words and word meanings. It is very necessary to teach vocabulary during English lesson.The reason why vocabulary is taught at school is because students need to improve their vocabulary to use in the real life. Students speak English in their daily life they are speaking with other person vocabularies. If students have a littler stock of vocabularies, this would be obstacles when they are talking to someone else or education English text obtain. So, it is really main(prenominal) to teach vocabulary intensively. There are many ways of pedagogy and learning vocabulary. The rules and strategies of teaching vocabulary items in the schoolroom should be innovative and proficient.Research shows that the key strategy to teach vocabulary in effect is by using a media that fundament make students are concerned in the lesson. Using teaching media in teaching and learning process can motivate and develop students vocabulary domination. According to Shahla Yassael (2012), teaching language skills through mechanical exercises and traditional fill-in-the-blank, true/ false, and multiple-choice assessments does not interest students as much as we expect. Almost of students get bored when they just read text book and more of them just read the words without know what the meaning of it is.Poor readers usually read less, because reading is difficult a nd frustrating for them. It authority that their vocabularies are limited. Teachers have to know how to help and facilitate students to learn somewhat vocabulary knowledge using useful words or vocabulary that will help them happen upon or figure out meaning of the words by them selves. This means that the words frequently appear in their daily life. Teacher likewise should find the best strategies that useful both in the classroom and out-side of the classroom. Teaching strategies can use a media as supporting items.Teaching vocabulary using media can create a meaningful context, which can be delivering and introduce any key vocabulary that may be unfamiliar. The media that can use to teach vocabulary is using poems and favorite call. It is supported by Carolean Linse (2006) that songs and poems are an excellent way to begin or end a lesson. Teachers usually use poems and songs in the beginning of lesson to warm up students. It is better to choose an appropriate poems or son gs that related to the content of the lesson. At the end of lesson, the better way to cooling down the situation after giving lesson is singing song and repeat it in different verse.It can be doing while the students are waiting the bell to ring. Songs and poems are usually use for early children education, or we call it young learner. They are easily to imagine nouns, and dont have literacy skills. So, they only can recognize nouns. Young learners also need concrete vocabulary. It means the vocabulary that they learn should be definite and specific. They also need to repeat the words once more and again in new context. Young learners are easily to feel bored during lesson, because they love to move as they sing the song. By using poems and song, they can learn the lesson in a fun way.In this case, teacher can use prop or action that can make them remember the words and meaning. The props and actions are also making them know and remember the context that shows in each verse. Teac her also can change some words in the poem and favorite song lyric into a picture, so young learner can understand the meaning of the vocabulary. Here, the writer offers poems and favorite songs as a great tool in the teaching vocabulary, especially when the teacher wants to introduce new vocabulary items to the students. Teachers can use this strategy to help learners acquire vocabulary items that they see and hear.This paper is focused on the attempt to solve the problems about young learners vocabulary mastery. One of the way to improve their vocabulary mastery effectively, actively, and creatively is by using poems and favorite songs. By using poems and favorite songs, students are able to improve their vocabularies mastery while enjoy the lesson using a fun way of learning. Using poems and favorite songs, the teacher can deliver the vocabulary knowledge using an interesting media to the students. It is expected to improve their vocabulary more easily, so they can understand the meaning of a reading text easily.

Lloyd Georgewin Essay Example for Free

Lloyd Georgewin EssayThe stage direction with a sense of her childhood, her babyhood and the years describes the commodious sense of loss Eddie feels as he has cared and fill ind her every her life. Beatrice remains faithful to Eddie throughout although she is frustrated, When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie? she tells him, desperate from him to forget about Catherine and go back to warmth for her. Beatrices love for Eddie is one of the strongest in the play, she wants desperately for Eddie to pay her the attention she deserves as a loving wife. Eddies neurotic behaviour towards Catherine puts great strain on his spousal relationship I want my respect he says when Beatrice tries to lay out him, Eddie is angry and shouts at her for complaining about him being so strict with Catherine. Beatrice is struggling to keep her marriage intact, but she cannot understand the love Eddie feels towards Catherine. I believe Eddie loves his wife dearly but his love for Catherine takes precedence when Rodolfo comes on the scene, which leads him to mistreat Beatrice. I cannot help feeling sorry for her as she is forced into a federal agency that was not her doing.It drawms her love for Eddie is unrequited. Eddies hatred for Rodolfo is fuelled by his jealousy for the love and attention Catherine bestows upon him, Im telling ya the guy aint counterbalance he says trying to justify his hatred. Nobody believes Eddies comments about Rodolfo and everyone but Eddie can see through to his jealousy. It isnt skillful for a man of Eddies age to be obsessed with his young niece, but nobody understands the depth and exasperation of Eddies love, which drives him to keep Catherine at any cost.Eddies obsessive love compels him to see Mr Alfieri, family friend and lawyer He aint compensate Mr Alfieri Eddie pleads, but it is obvious he has no jurisdiction within he law. The fact Eddie has gone to see Alfieri shows the federal agency of his love towards Catherine and his desp eration to have her for himself. Love is the main driving force behind all told the characters actions, the truth is not as bad as blood Eddie Beatrice tells him trying to quell his anger and hatred. Beatrice believes that love is not a worthy enough cause for the use of violence.It is Eddies deep love that drives him to use all force necessary to have what he believes to be his Catherine. This unfaltering love to the bitter end is misapprehend by Marco He degraded my brother. My blood. Marco says he cannot see why Eddie turned him and Rodolfo into the police. But it is obvious to the reader that it was Eddies love that compelled his actions and not his hatred for Marco and his brother. Eddies love finally leads him to his death You lied about me Marco Eddie cries before lunging at him. This is Eddies last desperate attempt to win back his dignity.Eddies love has driven him to a point where he has no other option but to follow his feelings to the end. The fate of Eddie Carbone i s a tragic one as his obsessive feelings towards Catherine took control of him and his actions that followed he could not help. I believe the story is a testament to the power of love and how once it has infected someone in a certain way they are helpless to stop it. Emlyn Roberts Pluto10X Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written tack of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

John Locke Essay Essay Example for Free

John Locke Essay EssayJohn Locke, a philosopher of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment, greatly influenced the American revolution and the French revolution. His beliefs were the social contract, pictorial amends, and the right of revolution. genius of John Lockes beliefs was the social contract. A social contract can be either a create verbally or unwritten agreement between a presidential term and its the great unwashed. Social contracts usually contain a basic set of laws and agreements explaining how the state of matter should be run. Examples of a Social contract are the US musical composition and the Declaration of the Rights of Man. John Locke was a huge influence for both of these documents. Locke also believed that every person has natural rights. A natural right is a basic right that every citizen should be born with. Locke express that everyones natural rights were the right to life, liberty, and property. These natural rights have been quoted and used man y times in history. Thomas Jefferson was influenced by this while writing the Declaration of Independence, saying that all men are created equal and that they have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.Lastly and most importantly, Locke believed in the right of revolution. The right of revolution is the belief that if that a government does not meet the basic needs and wishes of its people, then the people have the right to revolt and prohibit that government. Examples of this are the American and French revolutions. The Americans revolted against England because they failed to grant them the basic rights stated in their social contract, saying no taxation without representation.The French revolted against their government because King Louis caused the countries economy to be almost non existent and most of the country had nothing to eat. Both these revolutions led to the rise of democratic nations. John Locke is one of the most influential people in history. His beliefs has influenced the formation of many countries, including our own. His ideas have be restated and reused throughout history, and still influence people today.

The article “Verismo” Essay Example for Free

The article Verismo EssayThe article Verismo discusses the beginning of gesture in Italian literary productions and opera, as well as provides in-depth overview of Verismo as literature genius, musical style and as essential component of Italian theatre. Verismo is defined as movement in Italian literature which caused emergence of rising theatrical and operatic genres. Actually, verismo became so-called innovatory drive originated from the French naturalism. The most brilliant representatives of verismo were Giovanni Verga and Luigi Capuana, and the theorizer Federico de Roberto.Verismo is said to share some characteristics with naturalism. For example, both styles promote im personalized style of narration and they pens were deeply provoke in the lower social strata. In other words, they tended to incorporate a true-to-life approach when illustrating modern reality. Furthermore, veristi, the writes of this genre, developed their own character in their literary works. For example, they assessed the relations between science and art from rude(a) perspective.It is known that verismo has strongly influenced the development of Italian theatre as the genre introduced regional milieux which combined proletarian idioms and local customs. Verismo enriched theatrical repertoire offering extraordinary blend of romantic style with bourgeoisie comedy. Verismo provided new acting style to illustrate unsophisticated characters on the scene. Verismo has also affected opera. Two famous operas of this style were Mala Vita and Pagliacci. Mala Vita was launched by Umberto Giordano as a brand of operatic verismo.Pagliacci was launched by Leoncavallo and was considered rather complex work. Leoncavallo was both the author of music and libretto. It is argued that in the opera the explicit violence of the double murder committed by the white-faced twat is usually seen as the dramatization of an actual incident remembered from the composers childhood. Verismo is also defined as musical style of Giovane Scuola. In music this style was strongly influenced by the works of Massenet and Wagner due to their delirious rhetoric.Verismo in music was very passionate with sentimental languor. The style tended to combine delicacy with explicit violence, in particular, in the vocal lines. Moreover, it tended to change solo piece by ensembles as it ensured better cohesion of skilful and vocal. Orchestral motifs were often referred to. Nevertheless, verismo denied bel canto coloratura. It is argued that only in the 19th century opera had reached its dramatic continuity, in which spoken drama was combined with canons of musical one.Puccini was the first to achieve in his opera Manon Lescaut the most commensurate blend of spoken and sung words. Reflective Commentary It is a matter of fact that verismo strongly influenced not only literature works, but also theatrical and musical humanity as verismo was something people hadnt been yet acquainted with. Everyth ing new was practically always valued and appreciated in art world and, therefore, verismo has played important role in development of Italian theatre and opera.However, all the mentioned trends should be viewed in the context of the century to get the whole picture of style development. Nevertheless, the style is rather complex as it combined delicacy and violence, rudeness and kindness, etc. Verismo was creator of new reality, in which sensationalism and triviality came unneurotic in Iris and Tosca. It is necessary to add that verismo defined new kind of musical dramaturgy which was so needed after the decline of Romantic melodrama.I see Verismo combined together expressionism, symbolism and exoticism. Verismo tended to stimulate reality through truth as vero means truth in Italian. The genre couldnt reveal its original meaning. However, in contrast to naturalism, verismo rejected the scientific nature and social usefulness. Frankly saying, I conceptualise that some veristi we re likely to be pessimists who based their works on the premise of impersonality. Failure to impose personal meaning shows desire to escape from reality they tended to reflect.